Chapter 8: Data–model integration layer

This chapter will introduce the functions and some selected algorithms required for data and model manipulation, storage, analysis, integration, processing and AI-supported knowledge learning that supports decision-making, integration and analysis of data resources based on the designed data structure in the data–model integration layer of digital twins. In particular, feasible data structures underpinning the implementation of digital twins are listed to support domain-specific data exchange, at different levels of detail and at different scales and granularity.