Chapter 1: Research Design and Planning

No one would deny the importance of mathematics in science and its necessity for its accuracy. However, mathematics cannot produce correct answers from incorrect premises. When applied with accurate inputs, mathematics yields valid results; when applied to flawed inputs, the results will also be flawed.

Poorly designed research creates problems that no statistical method can resolve. Statistical analysis applied to a weak research design offers no benefit. Therefore, while preparing for a research study, the characteristics of the research topic, time constraints, financial resources, and available personnel must all be carefully considered and meticulously planned. Otherwise, the outcomes may be unreliable and result in wasted resources.