Closing address

In all civil engineering investment there is a general uncertainty in attempting to measure and price what is being offered and bought. An economic judgement has to be made both by the client and the seller in balancing the risk taken against the possible consequences. This is an important philosophy which has been present throughout this Conference.

In serving client and contractor the Engineer has to make judgements which are not rendered any easier by a Draconian view of measurements. The discussions have indicated the difficulties of reproducibility and of calibrating testing equipment. There is a further uncertainty in combining measurements to judge overall performance.