Published by ICE Publishing, 40 MarshWall, London E14 9TP.

Distributors for ICE Publishing books are

USA:PublishersStorage andShippingCorp., 46DevelopmentRoad,

Fitchburg, MA 01420

www.icevirtuallibrary.com

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

ISBN: 978-0-7277-2764-0

© Thomas Telford Limited 2011

ICE Publishing is a division of Thomas Telford Ltd, a whollyowned

subsidiary of the Institution of Civil Engineers (ICE).

All rights, including translation, reserved. Except as permitted

by the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, no part of

this publicationmay be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system

or transmitted in any form or by anymeans, electronic,

mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior

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