Sexual and Gender Minority Health

Advances in Medical Sociology

Series Editor: Brea L. Perry

Series editor for volumes 5–6:Gary L. Albrecht
Series editor for volumes 7–8:Judith A. Levy
Series editor for volumes 9–15:Barbara Katz Rothman

Previously published titles:

Volume 5:Quality of Life in Health Care – Edited by Ray Fitzpatrick
Volume 6:Case and Care Management – Edited by Gary L. Albrecht
Volume 7:Emergent Issues in the Field of Drug Abuse – Edited by Judith A. Levy, Richard C. Stephens, and Duane C. McBride
Volume 8:Social Networks and Health – Edited by Bernice A. Pescosolido and Judith A. Levy
Volume 9:Bioethical Issues, Sociological Perspectives – Edited by Barbara K. Rothman, Elizabeth M. Armstrong and Rebecca Tiger
Volume 10:Patients, Consumers and Civil Society – Edited by Susan M. Chambré and Melinda Goldner
Volume 11:Understanding Emerging Epidemics: Social and Political Approaches – Edited by Ananya Mukherjea
Volume 12:Sociology of Diagnosis – Edited by PJ McGann and David J. Hutson
Volume 13:Sociological Reflections on the Neurosciences – Edited by Martyn Pickersgill and Ira van Keulen
Volume 14:Critical Perspectives on Addiction – Edited by Julie Netherland
Volume 15:Ecological Health: Society, Ecology and Health – Edited by Maya Gislason
Volume 16:Genetics, Health and Society – Edited by Brea L. Perry
Volume 17:50 Years After Deinstitutionalization: Mental Illness in Contemporary Communities – Edited by Brea L. Perry
Volume 18:Food Systems and Health – Edited by Sara Shostak
Volume 19:Immigration and Health – Edited by Reanne Frank
Volume 20:Reproduction, Health, and Medicine – Edited by Elizabeth Mitchell Armstrong, Susan Markens, and Miranda R. Waggoner

Advances in Medical Sociology Volume 21

Sexual and Gender Minority Health

Edited by

Allen J. LeBlanc

San Francisco State University, USA.

Brea L. Perry

Indiana University, USA.

United Kingdom – North America – Japan India – Malaysia – China

Emerald Publishing Limited

Howard House, Wagon Lane, Bingley BD16 1WA, UK

First edition 2021

© 2021 Emerald Publishing Limited

Reprints and permissions service

No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, transmitted in any form or by any means electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without either the prior written permission of the publisher or a licence permitting restricted copying issued in the UK by The Copyright Licensing Agency and in the USA by The Copyright Clearance Center. Any opinions expressed in the chapters are those of the authors. Whilst Emerald makes every effort to ensure the quality and accuracy of its content, Emerald makes no representation implied or otherwise, as to the chapters' suitability and application and disclaims any warranties, express or implied, to their use.

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

ISBN: 978-1-83867-147-1 (Print)

ISBN: 978-1-83867-146-4 (Online)

ISBN: 978-1-83867-148-8 (Epub)

ISSN: 1057-6290 (Series)

Suyanna Linhales BarkerLa Clínica del Pueblo
Grayson BodenheimerIndiana University
Caleb CooleyWashington State University
Ana María del Río-GonzálezThe George Washington University
Justin T. DenneyWashington State University
Carrie ElliottSyracuse University
Bridget K. GormanRice University
Debra GuckenheimerCalifornia State University, East Bay
Jessica HerlingVirginia Tech University
Griffin LacyUniversity at Albany, State University of New York
Allen J. LeBlancSan Francisco State University
Cristiana LittleAmerican University
Andrew S. LondonSyracuse University
Sonja MackenzieSanta Clara University
Emily S. MannUniversity of South Carolina
Christopher NortonAmerican University
India J. OrnelasUniversity of Washington
Jennifer PearsonWichita State University
Brea L. PerryIndiana University
Laura RapoportAmerican University
Corinne ReczekThe Ohio State University
Anna SheppardUniversity of South Carolina
stef m. shusterMichigan State University
Natalee SimpsonIndependent Researcher
Russell SpikerVanderbilt University
Lawrence StaceyThe Ohio State University
Mieke Beth ThomeerUniversity of Alabama at Birmingham
Stacy TorresUniversity of California, San Francisco
Rebecca WangSyracuse University
Tre WentlingUniversity of Colorado Colorado Springs
Lindsey WilkinsonPortland State University
Jamie Lyn Wooley-SniderWichita State University
Thespina J. YamanisAmerican University
Zhe ZhangRice University