Prelims

THE ROLE OF LAW ENFORCEMENT IN EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AND HOMELAND SECURITY

COMMUNITY, ENVIRONMENT AND DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT - VOLUME 24

THE ROLE OF LAW ENFORCEMENT IN EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AND HOMELAND SECURITY

EDITED BY

MARK R. LANDAHL

City of Rockville Police Department, USA

and

TONYA E. THORNTON

Delta Point Solutions, LLC, USA

United Kingdom – North America – Japan – India – Malaysia – China

Emerald Publishing Limited

Howard House, Wagon Lane, Bingley BD16 1WA, UK

First edition 2021

Copyright © 2021 Emerald Publishing Limited

Reprints and permissions service

Contact: permissions@emeraldinsight.com

No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, transmitted in any form or by any means electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without either the prior written permission of the publisher or a licence permitting restricted copying issued in the UK by The Copyright Licensing Agency and in the USA by The Copyright Clearance Center. Any opinions expressed in the chapters are those of the authors. Whilst Emerald makes every effort to ensure the quality and accuracy of its content, Emerald makes no representation implied or otherwise, as to the chapters’ suitability and application and disclaims any warranties, express or implied, to their use.

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

ISBN: 978-1-78769-336-4 (Print)

ISBN: 978-1-78769-335-7 (Online)

ISBN: 978-1-78769-337-1 (Epub)

ISSN: 2040-7262 (Series)

William L. Waugh Ph.D. is Professor Emeritus of Public Management and Policy in the Andrew Young School of Policy Studies at Georgia State University. He is the Editor-in-Chief of the Journal of Emergency Management. He formerly served as a member of the Emergency Management Accreditation Program Commission and of the Certified Emergency Management Commission, as well as serving as a Consultant to the Federal Emergency Management Agency, the US State Department, and other agencies.

Capt. Brett Bailey, Ph.D., has been in law enforcement since 1988 in Tulsa, Ok. He was appointed to FEMA’s National Advisory Council from 2015 to 2018. He has served as an emergency response subject matter expert for several projects for the Department of Homeland Security’s Science and Technology Directorate. He attained his doctorate in Fire and Emergency Management Administration from Oklahoma State University.

Patrick R. Baxter is a Public Policy Ph.D. Student at the Schar School of Policy and Government. Previously, he was the Country Representative in Malawi of Innovation for Poverty Action. A hands-on expert in RCT-based evaluations, a trained econometrician, and a practicing economist, his decade of experience includes field assignments in Indonesia, Malawi, Mozambique, Niger, Philippines, Rwanda, and South Africa. He has published working papers on, among others, food security, teacher performance, tax evasion, and maternal mortality.

Chris D. Bertram is an Assistant Professor at Salt Lake Community College. He spent 25 years in law enforcement and retired as a Deputy Chief from the Salt Lake (UT) Unified Police Department. He holds a Master of Arts in Homeland Defense and is a graduate of the Federal Bureau of Investigation National Academy.

Hon. Eileen M. Decker is a Lecturer at the University of Southern California and University of California at Los Angeles Law Schools. She has been a Fulbright Specialist in Cybersecurity Law and Policy and is a former US Attorney and the Homeland Security and Public Safety Deputy Mayor for Los Angeles.

Max Geron is currently serving as the Chief of Police for the Rockwall Police Department, northeast of Dallas, Texas. He served over 27 years with the Dallas Police Department, rising to the rank of Acting Deputy Chief over the Criminal Investigations Bureau. He is a graduate of the United States Naval Postgraduate School’s Center for Homeland Defense and Security, he earned a Master’s degree in National Security Studies. He researched and wrote about police responses to public protest, innovative and emergent means of responding to protest and civil unrest and the complexities therein. He lives in Texas with his two children.

Michael Goldsmith is a 27-year veteran of the Norfolk Police Department (VA) with 4 ½ as Chief. He currently serves as Norfolk’s Deputy City Manager overseeing Public Safety and Homeland Security. He worked with the NATO’s Allied Command Transformation as a law enforcement subject matter expert for their Urbanization Project.

C. Tyler Goodwin is has a Master’s in Public Policy from George Mason University’s Schar School of Policy and Government, focusing on technology policy. As a researcher, his primary areas of interest include artificial intelligence, data rights and privacy, and how human rights are affected by technological advancements. He is a member of the Pi Alpha Alpha International Honor Society for Public Affairs and Administration.

Jason R. Jenkins has more than 25 years of paid and volunteer experience in Fire and Emergency Medical Services. He holds a Master of Science in Organizational Leadership and a Master of Science in Intelligence Analysis, both from Johns Hopkins University; Executive Certificate in Public Leadership from Harvard Kennedy School; Homeland Security Executive Leaders Program from the Naval Postgraduate School; and a Certified Public Manager from George Mason University. He earned all chief designations awarded by the Commission on Professional Credentialing.

Robert C. Kenter, Ph.D., served over 30 years with the Norfolk Police Department (VA) before retiring. He currently serves as the Director of Law Enforcement Field Engagement at the Center for Policing Equity. He has extensive experience in both the Field Operations Bureau and the Administrative Services Bureau.

Claire Connolly Knox, Ph.D., is an Associate Professor and Director of the Master of Emergency and Crisis Management at the University of Central Florida’s School of Public Administration, with a joint National Center for Integrated Coastal Research appointment. Her research includes environmental vulnerability, disaster response, and coastal resilience.

Mark R. Landahl, Ph.D., serves as the Emergency Manager for the City of Rockville Police Department (MD). He is a retired Law Enforcement Officer who served as the Homeland Security Commander for the Frederick County (MD) Sheriff’s Office. In addition to his professional community of practice, he teaches at several universities and publishes regularly.

Robert M. Lawler is a Federal Law Enforcement Agent with the US Customs and Border Protection. He has over 20 years of experience in the field of border security. He holds a Master of Arts in Security Studies – Homeland Security and Defense – from the Naval Postgraduate School.

Daniel Linskey is a Fellow at the Kroll Institute. He is a graduate of the Federal Bureau of Investigation National Academy. As a 27-year veteran and former Chief of the Boston Police Department (MA), he provided strong leadership through the Boston Marathon bombings and the Occupy Movement.

CDR Paul J. Liquorie is a 26-year veteran of the Montgomery County (MD) Police Department. He is currently the Commander of its Sixth District and has previously worked in a variety of assignments in investigative and leadership roles. He holds a Master’s degree in Homeland Security from the Naval Postgraduate School.

Keith W. Ludwick, Ph.D., is a retired Federal of Bureau Investigation Agent and former officer and pilot in the US Air Force, and has written on cyber, terrorism, and a variety of homeland security issues. He obtained a Masters in Homeland Security and Doctorate in Biodefense from George Mason University.

Matthew Morin (retired FBI Supervisory Special Agent) served for 23 years and held various investigative cyber roles, to include as a Deputy Director at the NCIJTF from 2012 to 2014. He is currently a Senior Manager at Capital One where he leads incident response within their cybersecurity operations center.

Stacy L. Muffet-Willett, Ed.D., is a Professor and Chair of the Department of Disaster Science and Emergency Services at The University of Akron. She has over 20 years of experience in educating the professional emergency management workforce.

Eric M. Rosner is a Senior Cyber Operations Planner at the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency. He previously developed national-level doctrine for the Federal Emergency Management Agency and holds a Juris Doctorate from the University of Miami and a Master’s in Security Studies from the Naval Postgraduate School.

Stephen Craig Schwartz serves as the Chief of Police in the city of Pacific, Washington, where he is working to implement a UAS program. He retired as a Captain from the Santa Rosa Police Department in California after serving more than 26 years in law enforcement there. He graduated from the Naval Postgraduate School in 2018 and used thesis on law enforcement UAS implementation as a springboard to launch a UAS program at the SRPD.

Tonya E. Thornton, Ph.D., is a Principal with Delta Point Solutions, LLC and was formerly an Assistant Professor and Director Grants with George Mason University’s Schar School of Policy and Government, where she coordinated its Emergency Management and Homeland Security program. Her research interests primarily focus on emergency management and public safety and assisted the Mississippi Highway Patrol in developing its CompStat program.

Jenna Tyler is a Ph.D. Student at the University of Central Florida. Her research focuses on evidence-based decision making, community flood risk management, and organizational disaster preparedness and recovery. She has published her research in Natural Hazards, Natural Hazards Review, and The International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction.

Robert Vasquez is a Professor at New Mexico Highlands University. A retired Deputy Chief at the Santa Fe (NM) Police Department, serving 21 years, he created their Criminal Intelligence Center, while also serving as an Intelligence Officer specializing in organized crime. He is a graduate of the Naval Post Graduate School.

Capt. Michael R. Ward is a 26-year veteran of the Montgomery County (MD) Police Department. He is currently assigned as the Director of Special Investigations Division and has previously worked in a variety of assignments in investigative and leadership roles. He holds a Master’s degree in Homeland Security from the Naval Postgraduate School.

Law Enforcement: A Key Role During Disasters and Crises

The role of law enforcement before, during, and after disasters and crises have occurred is evolving. It is in part evolving due to the expanded risk of hazards and threats.

Because of this, such organizations must see themselves as a major player in emergency management functions. Additionally, they will continue to have the first responder role given the proximity to the incident site and relationship with people in the community for which it serves. Additionally, their “readiness” is a central component to planning and response because they:

• are likely to arrive first on the scene;

• possess a well-developed communication system;

• are familiar with the local terrain and critical infrastructure;

• have a better knowledge of the local community and culture; and

• have better recognition as a visible and uniformed first responder.

Still, the role of law enforcement during distressing times goes beyond initial skillsets. They are also instrumental in:

• providing first response aid and treatment to those who may be injured or trapped;

• guiding others out of harm’s way;

• offering immediate transport out zones of danger; and

• creating resource plans for continued response and recovery.

Because of the role versatility with which law enforcement offers emergency management, adaptation becomes integral for success.

I am blessed to work for a world-renowned fire and rescue department, often regarded for its urban search and rescue capabilities. Even more impressive is the daily collaboration between law enforcement and emergency management embodying one public safety team. While I hope that other public safety agencies align as closely as we do, I can confidently say that I have never witnessed a group so dedicated to one vision.

The Law Enforcement: A Key Role During Disasters and Crisis will serve as a powerful desk reference for public safety leaders tasked with collaboration, communication, and cooperation in the wake of evolving disasters and crises.

Jason R. Jenkins

The Community, Environment, and Disaster Risk Management series deals with a wide range of issues relating to natural and human-induced hazards and high and emergent threats along with approaches to disaster risk reduction. As people and communities are the first and the most important responders to crises and environment-related problems, this series aims to analyze critical field-based mechanisms which link community, policy, and governance systems.

It is our sincere hope and belief that paradigmatic hazard and threat scholarship will profoundly connect law enforcement and emergency management with communities of practice, including public administrators and other first responders, in serving as force multipliers in emergency planning and disaster/crisis response.

This book has, therefore, benefited considerably from the contributions of many individuals, whom we give thanks:

• Dr. Brett Bailey

• Chris D. Bertram

• Eileen M. Decker

• Max Geron

• Michael Goldsmith

• Dr. Robert C. Kenter

• Dr. Claire Connolly Knox

• Robert M. Lawler

• Paul J. Liquorie

• Daniel Linskey

• Dr. Keith W. Ludwick

• Matthew Morin

• Dr. Stacy L. Muffet-Willett

• Eric M. Rosner

• Stephen Craig Schwartz

• Jenna Tyler

• Michael R. Ward

• Robert Vasquez

We would also like to thank Patrick R. Baxter and C. Tyler Goodwin for both their editorial assistance and insightful introductory contributions.

We dedicate this edited volume to the good governance in law enforcement and emergency management and to all of those members who have sacrificed their lives on the front line, and to Dr. Paul L. Posner, whose life’s work as a self-professed “pracademic” contributed immeasurably to all practices of good governance in our country.

Finally, this volume would not have been possible without the support of Dr. William L. Waugh, Emeritus Professor at Georgia State University and a three times chair of the American Society for Public Administration’s Section on Emergency and Crisis Management.