Table A1 provides the summary statistics and sources of variables used in the regressions in Tables 1, 2 and 5. We present each variable's average value for the years 1860 and 1870, labeled “prewar” and “postwar,” respectively. Note that Border States' observations in each data set were excluded in the analyses.

First, Panels A and B report statistics calculated from the 1860 and 1870 IPUMS. Panel A shows that average school attendance rate among white young populations aged between 5 and 20 decreased from 41.2% in 1860 to 26.0% in 1870 in the Confederacy (15.2%-point reduction), and from 62.8% to 60.3% in the Union (2.5%-point reduction). In other words, the absolute rate of reduction was larger by 12.7% points in the Confederacy. In proportional terms, the white school attendance rate substantially declined in the Confederacy by 33%–40% across age and gender groups, whereas the reduction rate is only about 2%–6% in the Union. In both regions, the postbellum decline is observed higher among those aged between 5 and 12, and boys. The age and gender composition is similar between two regions and across the years, although within-sample average age increased by 3.2% in the Confederacy.