GREAT UNDERPINNING ACHIEVEMENTS.

BY

A S a rule the public knows little of the yLA wonderful achievements of science in ^ the field of what is technically known

as " underpinning," a term signifying the substitution of new for old foundations or other supports of a building. Yet there is no class of work that involves more risk, and it is curious to note that, while superstructures are in the main raised from the designs of the architect, schemes of underpinning are very frequently entrusted to his companion the engineer. The author has selected three ex amples of work of this kind, each employing features of its own, and they may be regarded as representing the best devices of some of the leading modern engineers.