Beyond the concept of value in power-dependence theory Expanding a model of the “whole actor”

Emerson's (1987) theory suggests that some notion of “the whole actor” is axial to a comprehensive understanding of value in social exchange. Building from this notion, the present paper explores four pathways along which the theory might be clarified and extended. First, it explores the intricate connections that exist among need, uncertainty, and value, bringng to bear the operant conditioning and the rational choice perspectives. Second, it examines the complex interplay among extrinsic motivation, intrinsic motivation, and value. Third, it considers the dynamic oscillation that may occur between rational/cognitive and mindless/emotional processes in behavioral decision making. Fourth, it distinguishes socially intrinsic from socially extrinsic environmental value domains. The present analysis provides a basis for continued theoretical refinement and focused empirical research on Emerson's potentially important theory of value.