By
Nathern S. Okilwa;
Nathern S. Okilwa
University of Texas at San Antonio, TX, USA
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Muhammad Khalifa;
Muhammad Khalifa
Michigan State University, MI, USA
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Felecia M. Briscoe
Felecia M. Briscoe
University of Texas at San Antonio, TX, USA
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The School to Prison Pipeline: The Role of Culture and Discipline in School

Advances in Race and Ethnicity in Education

Series Editors: Joy Lawson Davis and James L. Moore III

Recent Volumes:

Volume 1:Black Male Teachers: Diversifying the United States’ Teacher Workforce – Edited by Chance W. Lewis and Ivory A. Toldson
Volume 2:African American Male Students in PreK-12 Schools: Informing Research, Policy, and Practice – Edited by James L. Moore III and Chance W. Lewis
Volume 3:Gifted Children of Color around the World: Diverse Needs, Exemplary Practices, and Directions for the Future – Edited by Joy Lawson Davis and James L. Moore III

ADVANCES IN RACE AND ETHNICITY IN EDUCATION VOLUME 4

THE SCHOOL TO PRISON PIPELINE: THE ROLE OF CULTURE AND DISCIPLINE IN SCHOOL

EDITED BY

NATHERN S. OKILWA

University of Texas at San Antonio, TX, USA

MUHAMMAD KHALIFA

Michigan State University, MI, USA

FELECIA M. BRISCOE

University of Texas at San Antonio, TX, USA

United Kingdom – North America – Japan India – Malaysia – China

Emerald Publishing Limited

Howard House, Wagon Lane, Bingley BD16 1WA, UK

First edition 2017

Copyright © 2017 Emerald Publishing Limited

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No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, transmitted in any form or by any means electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without either the prior written permission of the publisher or a licence permitting restricted copying issued in the UK by The Copyright Licensing Agency and in the USA by The Copyright Clearance Center. Any opinions expressed in the chapters are those of the authors. Whilst Emerald makes every effort to ensure the quality and accuracy of its content, Emerald makes no representation implied or otherwise, as to the chapters’ suitability and application and disclaims any warranties, express or implied, to their use.

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

ISBN: 978-1-78560-129-3 (Print)

ISSN: 2051-2317 (Series)

ISBN: 978-1-78560-128-6 (Online)

ISBN: 978-1-78714-342-5 (Epub)

Brian BoggsMichigan State University, USA
Joshua BornsteinFelician University, USA
Felecia M. BriscoeUniversity of Texas San Antonio, USA
Christopher DunbarUniversity of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA
Decoteau J. IrbyUniversity of Illinois at Chicago, USA
Andrea KalvesmakiUniversity of Utah, USA
Muhammad KhalifaUniversity of Minnesota, USA
Hilary LustickTexas State University, USA
Nathern S. OkilwaUniversity of Texas at San Antonio, USA
Hugh PotterMichigan State University, USA
Garth StahlUniversity of South Australia, Australia
Joseph B. TulmanUniversity of the District of Columbia, USA
Brenda G. VallesUniversity of Utah, USA

We dedicate this book to those students who struggle through the schooling process as well as those educators who advocate on their behalf. May schools be places of opportunity for all students and not just for some!

A number of people, outside the editors and authors, contributed to the completion of this blind peer-reviewed book. As coeditors, we acknowledge, with great appreciation, the time and expertise of the reviewers listed below. Their substantive feedback to each author helped refine and improve the quality of the chapters presented herein.

  • Erin Atwood, Texas Christian University

  • Jason Brayden, University of Texas at San Antonio

  • Becky Cohen, Council of State Governments Justice Center, Austin, Texas

  • Heather Cole, University of Texas at Austin

  • Amanda Cordova, University of Texas at San Antonio

  • Brad Davis, University of Texas at Arlington

  • Barbara Pasey, University of Texas at Austin

  • Catherine Robert, University of Texas at San Antonio

  • Daniel Spikes, Iowa State University

  • Meagan Sumbera, A&M University