Globalization: The Basic Principles of Leadership are Universal and Timeless

In this paper, I describe nine universal leadership competencies that transcend cultural differences. First, I provide examples to show that globalization is not a new phenomenon and that many of the challenges leaders face are caused by the speed of change made possible by permeable boundaries rather than globalization per se. Then I describe the nine universal competences. These universal competences cover the major tasks of organizational leadership and apply around the world.