Prelims

CREATIVE (AND CULTURAL) INDUSTRY ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN THE 21ST CENTURY

CONTEMPORARY ISSUES IN ENTREPRENEURSHIP RESEARCH

Series Editor, Volumes 1–6: Gerard McElwee

Volume 7 onward: Paul Jones

CONTEMPORARY ISSUES IN ENTREPRENEURSHIP RESEARCH   VOLUME 18B

CREATIVE (AND CULTURAL) INDUSTRY ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN THE 21ST CENTURY: POLICY CHALLENGES FOR AND BY POLICYMAKERS

EDITED BY

INGE HILL

The Open University, UK

SARA R. S. T. A. ELIAS

University of Victoria, Canada

PAUL JONES

Swansea University, UK

AND

STEPHEN DOBSON

University of Leeds, UK

United Kingdom – North America – Japan – India – Malaysia – China

Emerald Publishing Limited

Emerald Publishing, Floor 5, Northspring, 21-23 Wellington Street, Leeds LS1 4DL.

First edition 2025

Editorial matter and selection © 2025 Inge Hill, Sara R. S. T. A. Elias, Paul Jones, and Stephen Dobson.

Individual chapters © 2025 The authors.

Published under exclusive licence by Emerald Publishing Limited.

Reprints and permissions service

Contact: www.copyright.com

No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, transmitted in any form or by any means electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without either the prior written permission of the publisher or a licence permitting restricted copying issued in the UK by The Copyright Licensing Agency and in the USA by The Copyright Clearance Center. Any opinions expressed in the chapters are those of the authors. Whilst Emerald makes every effort to ensure the quality and accuracy of its content, Emerald makes no representation implied or otherwise, as to the chapters’ suitability and application and disclaims any warranties, express or implied, to their use.

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

ISBN: 978-1-80455-907-9 (Print)

ISBN: 978-1-80455-906-2 (Online)

ISBN: 978-1-80455-908-6 (Epub)

ISSN: 2040-7246 (Series)

Inge Hill, PhD, FRSA, is a former award-winning microentrepreneur, and a Lecturer in Entrepreneurship at the Open University, UK. Her research investigates micro-exchange processes for SMEs and is rooted in process and practice theories. She investigates creative entrepreneurship, business support and economic development policy in urban and rural contexts, applies entrepreneurship-as-practice theory, and publishes on qualitative methodologies. She is an Associate Fellow of the Research England funded National Innovation Centre for Rural Enterprise, for which she co-leads the research stream on rural creative enterprises. She founded and directs the Open University research cluster Rural Economy. She has published widely, including with Local Economy, Entrepreneurship Regional Development and the International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour and Research, and is on the Editorial Review Board. She regularly reviews AHRC/ESRC funding applications and for Cultural Trends, Industry and European Journal of Management. She serves on the Council of the British Academy of Management and is the lead editor of this edited book.

Sara R. S. T. A. Elias, PhD, is an Associate Professor at the University of Victoria’s Peter B. Gustavson School of Business and a Research Associate of the Center for Psychosocial Organization Studies. Her research interests include creative entrepreneurial processes, entrepreneurial imagining, arts entrepreneurship, aesthetics in organisations and entrepreneurship, entrepreneurship as practice and qualitative methodologies. These research interests stem from her background in business, engineering and music, as well as from her experience as an arts entrepreneur, music manager, performing artist and Managing Director of Associação CICO, an international centre for promoting the performing arts, headquartered in Portugal. She is Associate Editor of the Scandinavian Journal of Management and is a member of the editorial boards of Art, Culture & Entrepreneurship and Organizações & Sociedade. She has published in Organization Studies, Organization Theory, Organization, Journal of Management Inquiry, International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research and Organizational Research Methods, among others.

Paul Jones, PhD, Professor, Professor of Entrepreneurship and Innovation at the School of Management, Swansea University. He is Editor-in-Chief in the International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour and Research. He is also an Associate Editor with the International Journal of Management Education and a Senior Editor on Information Technology and People. He is also a Series Editor of the Contemporary Issues in Entrepreneurship Research book series published by Emerald Publishing. His research explores entrepreneurial behaviour and small business management.

Stephen Dobson, PhD, is an Associate Professor in Creativity and Enterprise at the School of Performance and Cultural Industries, University of Leeds. His research interests span several areas related to cultural and creative industries and entrepreneurship including: entrepreneurial identity and creative enterprise, the creative workplace and leadership for fostering innovation and creativity, critical management, cross-disciplinary creativity, cultural and creative industries policy and digital enterprise. He is the Director of International Activities for the School of Performance and Cultural Industries.

Adeyinka Adewale, PhD, is an Associate Professor of Leadership Ethics and Entrepreneurship and the Deputy Director of Studies in the Department of Leadership Organisations and Behaviour at the Henley Business School. He regularly gives keynote addresses and facilitates workshops with private and public sector audiences on themes around leadership, entrepreneurship and ethics in Europe, Africa, Asia and the United States. His work in recent years has involved working with creative and tech entrepreneurs around Africa in building sustainable businesses for the future. He is a published author and reviewer for top management journals and leading textbook publishers. He serves on the board of exciting start-ups and charities in Africa through which he affirms his dedication to contributing his expertise to Africa’s development.

Osaro Aigbogun, PhD, is a management specialist and certified management consultant with a background in the pharmaceutical industry, academia and management consulting. He has taught students from over 75 different countries and led programmes at the tertiary level for about a decade. He currently directs several research projects and sits on the examination board for doctoral candidates. He has spoken at several international conferences and delivered training and workshops on a wide range of subjects, including global issues in entrepreneurship, crisis management, critical thinking, management of innovation, corporate strategy and supply chain resilience. His current research focusses on developing innovative models and analytical methods for supporting the operation of the global pharmaceutical supply chain. He is a Fellow of the Institute of Management Consultants, a Fellow of the Higher Education Academy in the United Kingdom, and a member of the British Academy of Management.

Kuldeep Banwait is a Principal Lecturer in Marketing at Oxford Brookes University where he is responsible for talent management and development of the marketing subject group. Before joining Oxford Brookes, he spent several years at the University of Derby, where he was a Senior Lecturer and Course Director across both undergraduate and postgraduate courses.

Prior to joining academia, he worked in the Events and Hospitality sector, which defined his philosophy as a marketer that brands should visualise the world from the eyes of the customer and be open to the idea of co-creation in order to turn their pains into gains. His doctorate and subsequent journal publication studied the increase in marketisation in the English higher sector and its impact on universities. His main research interests are university branding and co-creation, corporate social responsibility and brand heritage.

Stephen Budd is a British music Industry Executive and artist Manager based in London. He is a Director of the Artist and Producer of management company Stephen Budd Music Ltd, the OneFest Festival, of Damon Albarn’s Africa Express project and is the Co-founder of the NH7 Weekender festivals in India and helped create the DMZ Peace Train Festival in Korea. He is a recognised TV commentator on music industry issues that regularly appears on a variety of British TV news shows. He has created charity projects including co-producing Amnesty International and Sofar Sounds’ ‘Give A Home’ global concert series for refugees and War Child’s ‘Passport Back To The Bars’ concert series. And in 2022, The Music Venues Trust ‘Passport Back To Our Roots’ concert series to raise money for COVID-19 endangered live music venues. He served a three-year term as Co-chairman of the Music Managers Forum, the trade body for artist managers.

Jean-Pierre Choulet is Vice Dean Africa, Henley Business School. He is also Director of Development and Alumni, Henley Business School, and Executive Director of the Reading Real Estate Foundation. He has over 25 years of international experience at the executive level in Higher Education. He is also a Non-executive Director of Audencia Business School. He is passionate about how talent and leadership are critical assets for generating an impact from digital transformation. For the past 15 years, he has been delivering programmes to mentoring and coaching entrepreneurs, including leading them successfully to the pitching level to trigger the investment they need to move to the next step. Since 2017, he has been leading Henley Business School’s development in West Africa, with a focus on Nigeria, Ghana, Togo and Benin.

Rita Devi is a Faculty member at the School of Commerce and Management Studies, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, India. She has eight years of postgraduate teaching and research experience and her areas of specialisation are human resource management and organisational behaviour. She has been meritorious throughout her studies and was awarded a JRF scholarship for pursuing her PhD. She has contributed to the academic field as a dedicated academician. She has published more than 15 research papers and book chapters in reputed journals. She has presented in multiple national and international conferences/seminars. She has also attended and organised numerous faculty development programmes and workshops. Her research interests include: emotional intelligence, leadership, entrepreneurship, cross-cultural management, sustainability and organisational development.

Andreana Drencheva, PhD, is a Senior Lecturer (Associate Professor) in Entrepreneurship at King’s Business School. She received her PhD in Work Psychology in 2016 from the Institute of Work Psychology at the University of Sheffield. Her research investigates why and how individuals and communities engage in (social) entrepreneurship and with what the intended and unintended impact.

Nada Endrissat is a Professor at the New Work Institute at Bern Business School, Switzerland and has held visiting positions at the University of California, Irvine, United States, Université du Québec à Montréal, Canada and the University of the Sunshine Coast, Australia. Her current research interests include the transformation of work and new forms of organising with a particular focus on creative and cultural industries. Her research has been published in academic journals such as Human Relations, Organisation Studies and Information & Organisation.

Beki Gowing is a Senior Lecturer in Fashion Enterprise at London College of Fashion where she leads the enterprise pathways for the Fashion Business School and Communications Programme. After starting her career in buying, she launched the textile design studio Print & Press London which designed and manufactured fabrics for the fashion and homeware industry. She has a Master’s degree in Creative and Cultural Entrepreneurship and a PG Cert in Acceptance and Commitment Therapy informed coaching, both from Goldsmiths College, University of London. She is a Coach and Creative Business Consultant for start-ups and SMEs at Enterprise Nation and Hatch Enterprise. Her research interests include peer coaching, enterprise communities, empathy and collaboration.

OO Yu Hock, PhD, Professor, a Ministry of Education-Malayan Teachers College trained teacher-cum-Associate Professor at the University of Malaya (UM) Kuala Lumpur, secured his PhD, MPA and MS Ed from the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, United States, under a Ford Foundation Fellowship. Five years later, awarded a Fulbright Scholarship under the American Council of Learned Society, he was a Visiting Scholar at the Hubert Humphrey Institute of Public Affairs and University of Minnesota, Minneapolis-St. Paul, United States, with research support from the Asia Foundation and Toyota Foundation. A continually active government-retiree advocate-writer of ‘life-long learning’ and ‘knowledge-share consultancy exchanges’, he has lectured, supervised and examined a spectrum-topic mix-list of local and foreign Masters and Doctoral graduates. Currently, a Visiting Professor in Bangladesh and Africa, he is an active Governing Board Member of Global Academicians Research Academy and its Malaysia Chapter President, engaged in e-conferences with subsequent Scopus-indexed publications in Research Gate.

Sue Hayton is a creative industry professional with a career that spans visual and performing arts, publishing and heritage. She has been influential in the generation of ideas and creativity in cross disciplinary and cross domain relationships. Expanding this interest, she developed Leeds Creative Labs as a tool for collaboration between academic researchers and creative practitioners. Her research interests include creative research methods and creative knowledge exchange, exploring the role of artist as researcher and as catalyst for innovation. She is a consultant to the Centre for Cultural Value at the University of Leeds.

Birgit Helene Jevnaker, PhD, is Professor (em.) of Innovation and Economic Organisation at BI Norwegian Business School, Department of Leadership and Organisational Behaviour, Oslo. She has published extensively on creative design and collaboration, innovation and entrepreneurship, knowledge and management learning, arts and leadership and sustainable organisation (shorturl.at/djmI4). She was awarded the BI’s Development Prize for her executive leadership programme. Her recent coauthored book Reimagining Sustainable Organization won the European Academy of Management 2023 best book award.

Saskia de Klerk, PhD, is the Discipline Lead for Marketing, International Business and Tourism at the University of the Sunshine Coast. She holds an adjunct position as an Associate Professor at North-West University, South Africa, and a Senior Lecturer Research position at the University of New South Wales, Australia. She is serving as a topic editor and reviewer for several international reputed journals. She teaches international business, cross-cultural management, venture growth and innovation. Her research interests include networking, entrepreneurship and regional entrepreneurial ecosystem development. She is interested in supporting the development of an entrepreneurial mindset and articulating pathways to transition into entrepreneurship and sustainable practices in regional ecosystems through a circular economy, and bricolage strategies. Her research can be viewed via Google Scholar, LinkedIn and ResearcherID.

Alison Lawson is Head of the Discipline of Marketing and Operations at Derby Business School, University of Derby. She has worked in higher education for 14 years, and prior to this, she worked in book publishing, both in commercial and not-for-profit organisations. Her main research interests are in social marketing for positive behaviour change, marketing for social goods, arts/heritage marketing and consumers’ emotional attachment to products and services. She is also a methodology geek and writes a blog called Musings on Methodology.

Milou van der Linden is the founder of Like Lightning, a company that creates business illustrations as a visual tool to support business processes or implement change. Milou van der Linden herself is a creative entrepreneur with the ability to bring together business, innovation and the creation process. She graduated as a Master of Business Administration from Radboud University, Nijmegen.

Chike Maduegbuna is an entrepreneur, founder, CEO of Afrinolly Nigeria Limited. Afrinolly Nigeria Limited is a Creative Hub in Lagos built to address inadequate Audio and Video Post-Production facilities in Nigeria. Afrinolly’s App won Google’s Android Developers Challenge for Sub-Saharan Africa in September 2011 and since 2012, Afrinolly has embarked on various activities that aim to promote Movie Production and Distribution in Nigeria. He is on the Steering Committee of Nigeria Economic Summit Group. He is on the Technical Working Group for Creative Industry for National Development Plan for Nigeria. Also, he is currently on the board of LEAP Africa. He trained as an Accountant with PriceWaterhouseCoopers and obtained BSc Economics from the University of Nigeria, Nsukka and MSc Development Management from the UK Open University.

Tafadzwa Masiye MA (HONS), MBA, is a College Director in an embedded pathway college. He is a current PhD student at the University of Derby attached to the Market Sensing Group at the College of Business Law and Social Science. His area of research is creative entrepreneurship with a particular interest in co-creation as a market development strategy for entrepreneurial artists in Malawi, Zambia and Zimbabwe. This research is inspired by lived experiences of working in that region and encountering artists who often struggle to sustain their livelihoods from their artistic work. The research will hopefully find sustainable strategies for developing access to international markets.

Nanne Migchels is an Assistant Professor at Radboud University, Nijmegen. He teaches marketing and entrepreneurship. His research interests focus on creative industries and the management of entrepreneurial ecosystems. He studied Agricultural Economics at Wageningen University and holds a PhD in Technology Management from Eindhoven University of Technology.

Leigh Morland, PhD, is a Freelance Academic and Associate Faculty at the School of Performance and Creative Industries, University of Leeds. Previously, she held the positions of Head of Student Enterprise Development, University of Huddersfield and Subject Group Leader for Entrepreneurship and Sustainability, The Business School, University of Huddersfield. She has over 25 years of experience in teaching at Universities and is an advocate of Action Learning and teaching case studies. Her research interests include the role of space and place in business start-up, lone behaviour in coffee shops, speciality coffee, and cultural regeneration in towns.

Annette Naudin, PhD, is an Associate Professor with responsibility for Learning and Teaching at the College of English and Media at BCU, where she is a member of the Birmingham Centre for Media and Cultural Research. Prior to working in academia, she set up and ran a creative enterprise for 10 years and developed programmes to support entrepreneurship in the creative and cultural industries. She completed a PhD (2015) at the University of Warwick, exploring cultural workers’ experience with entrepreneurship. Since then, her research has been concerned with inequalities and the challenges faced by creative and cultural entrepreneurs, the relationship to cultural policy, to place and to higher education provision.

Malcolm Patterson, PhD, is a Senior Research Fellow at Sheffield University Management School, The University of Sheffield. His research interests include organisational culture and climate, cross-cultural behaviour, human resource management and performance and the relationships between work conditions, employee affect and behaviour.

Lei Jian Qiang, PhD, is an innovation and entrepreneurship training expert with a background in the business incubation industry, academia and management consulting fields. Currently, he is the Director of the Science and Technology Park Training Center of Guangxi University, China. He is also President of the China Chapter of the Global Academic Research Academy. He is also a Start Your Business Entrepreneurship Trainer approved by the International Labour Organisation. He has taught tens of thousands of college students at various levels and has led higher education courses for over a decade. He has published dozens of journal articles and spoken at several international conferences on related subjects of innovative talent cultivation models. His research mainly explores entrepreneurship education and the development of innovative talent ability.

David Rae, PhD, is a Professor of Enterprise at Leicester Castle Business School, De Montfort University, Leicester, United Kingdom. His mission is to maximise the value created for all, by connecting research, enterprise, innovation and learning between universities, businesses and society. Since 1996, he has held senior academic roles at six universities. He has been deeply involved in research, development and teaching on entrepreneurial learning, development and enterprise education for over 20 years, gaining his PhD in Entrepreneurial Learning in 2003. His work was recognised as the European Entrepreneurship Education Award Winner 2020. This award cited his contribution at the national, European and international levels as the ‘boundary spanner between entrepreneurial learning and enterprise education’. He has contributed to entrepreneurship research, education, policy and regional development, within Europe, North America, Africa, and South Asia. He continues to research intercultural, minority and sustainable entrepreneurship, creative industries and entrepreneurial collective intelligence.

Hayley Reid is a PhD researcher and artist at Sheffield University Management School, The University of Sheffield. Her research explores the influence of temporary art spaces on artists’ wellbeing through a collaborative doctoral partnership with a Leeds-based arts organisation, East Street Arts. Her art practice takes a mixed-media approach, combining fiction and poetry writing with textile and video work.

Rajat Sharma is a Faculty member at the School of Commerce and Management Studies, at Career Point University, Hamirpur, Himachal Pradesh. He has more than one year of experience in teaching especially in the field of human resource management and organisational behaviour. He has participated and presented research papers in more than 10 national and international conferences and seminars and has produced numerous publications on the UGC Care List and in peer-reviewed journals. He has attended and organised various faculty development programmes and workshops.

Ekaterina Sheath is a freelance illustrator based in Leeds. Through community engagement, on-location drawing and research, she shares hidden stories and transforms local spaces into cultural assets. A core value is representation: celebrating diversity and equality. Working with social organisations she brings engaging and educational illustrations to communities. Examples of her clients include: Leeds City Council, Leeds BID, Victoria Quarter, Trinity Leeds Shopping Centre, Canal & River Trust and Kiezfonds Lichtenberg (Berlin). She has been short-listed for the World Illustration Awards 2022 and chosen as ‘Twenty of the Most Exciting Illustrators to Follow in 2022’ by Creative Boom.

Lorena Raquel Serrano Tamayo is a cultural researcher exploring music policy as a tool for social development while managing projects within the European and US markets. Also, working on the first fan-driven platform for the live touring industry. She has over seven years of experience in marketing communications and PR for the creative industries and has worked for the US, CA, EU and UK markets. Thus, she is interested in cross-cultural communication. Her main interest and passion are to understand and research creativity and innovation to improve businesses in creative industries.

Kristiina Urb has been involved in the CCI for over 15 years in different managerial, consulting and expert roles locally and internationally. She was a co-founder and manager of a graphic design agency and a company combining new technologies and audio-visual solutions. She used her experience and knowledge to research CCI and consult creative and cultural organisations and companies in different expert roles. She leads the Creative Industries and Smart Cities research group at Estonian Business School. She has recently published, among others, in the European Journal of Cultural Management and Policy and in the book Management, Participation, and Entrepreneurship in the Cultural and Creative Sector by Springer International Publishing AG. Her research interests are mainly focussed on creative industries and informal institutions.

Barry van Zyl is a world-renowned musician with over 30 years of experience in the creative sector, from performance and production to education, strategy and business development. Having toured the world for 21 years with South Africa’s most famous export, Johnny Clegg, and while working with artists like Annie Lennox, Ladysmith Black Mambazo, Peter Gabriel and Die Antwoord, he completed an MBA at the Henley Business School and is now focussed on executive education in the areas of personal development, entrepreneurship and innovation. Since 2018, he has been a growing new business for Henley Business School, starting in Nigeria and then in other areas of west and east Africa, with the aim of ‘building the people, that build the businesses that build Africa’. He is a tutor on the MBA programme internationally and is the chair of Henley’s pan-African Alumni community.