Empirical Health Economics for Evidence-Based Policies: Some Lessons From Italy

This chapter pays tribute to Andrew Jones' research in health programme evaluation, health-risky behaviour and income-related health inequalities by reviewing policy-relevant empirical studies in these domains using Italian data. In the first section, We discuss the impact of reimbursement systems on healthcare behaviour, particularly the transition from incurred-cost-based to prospective systems in hospitals. We explore incentive-driven practices like up-coding and cream skimming, while also considering the potential advantages of primary care incentives and the mixed outcomes associated with cost-sharing schemes. The second section delves into health-risk behaviours in Italy, encompassing substance use, preventive healthcare and responses to health information. The last section presents some evidence on socioeconomic status (SES)-related health disparities and discusses the necessity of accounting for these factors in the Italian National Health Service (NHS)'s resource allocation formula in line with British NHS experience.