Chapter 51: Characterisation of fibre and matrix materials used in construction

This chapter introduces the components of fibre-reinforced polymer composites and their methods of manufacture; it discusses the advantages associated with their mechanical, physical and in-service properties as well as their short-comings. There are three specific fibres used in the civil engineering industry, namely, the carbon, the aramid and the glass. Each fibre has its unique mechanical and in-service properties. In addition, each of the three types of fibre contains several variations in chemical formulations, giving each their own specific properties. A brief description of the method of production for the three fibres is given. Furthermore, the chapter discusses the three types of polymers that are used in construction: namely the polyester, vinylester and the epoxy, each of which has specific functions in construction. The elastomeric polymer is also discussed; this material is used in bridge-bearing applications or as vibration isolators under buildings. These elastomeric materials are generally laminated in conjunction with steel plates. A brief discussion relating to the main synthetics used in civil engineering is given.