Chapter 7: Mathematics Learning Environment Differences Between Resilient, Average, and Nonresilient Elementary Students

One of the core beliefs and visions for education is to assist all children, especially at a young age, to reach their potential in becoming autonomous, life-long learners (National Association for the Education of Young Children, 1987). lifelong learning has become an important attribute for success within our society (State Education and Environment Roundtable, 2002). In particular, to fully function in our society, proficiency in mathematics has become extremely important. The National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (NCTM) has long realized the importance of mathematics in a changing world and the need for continuous improvement of mathematics education. The "Principles and Standards for School Mathematics" reflects the NCTM's vision to reach excellence in mathematics education by having high expectations of and providing strong support for all students.