Chapter 18: Dark Tourism as a Revival Strategy for Tsunami-Affected Sites in Hikkaduwa, Sri Lanka

Hikkaduwa, Sri Lanka, renowned for its natural beauty and vibrant coastal allure, has emerged as a significant dark tourism destination in the aftermath of the devastating 2004 tsunami. This chapter explores the potential of dark tourism as a socioeconomic revival strategy for tsunami-affected areas, with a focus on Hikkaduwa’s community-led remembrance centers and memorial sites. Employing qualitative research, insights from 48 participants—including community members, Destination Management Company (DMC) managers, and government officials—highlight the motivations, challenges, and opportunities associated with leveraging dark tourism. The findings reveal that dark tourism not only preserves the memory of the tsunami but also provides sustainable economic opportunities for local communities, fostering resilience and cultural preservation. Key themes include the importance of community involvement, eco-friendly infrastructure, and innovative approaches such as interactive digital exhibits and storytelling tours. However, challenges such as funding constraints, marketing barriers, and policy implementation issues necessitate strategic interventions and collaboration among stakeholders. This chapter advocates for a holistic approach to dark tourism, integrating ethical considerations and sustainable practices to balance remembrance with economic development. By positioning Hikkaduwa within Sri Lanka’s broader tourism strategy, this chapter presents a replicable model for utilizing dark tourism to revitalize disaster-affected regions globally. This interdisciplinary study contributes to the evolving discourse on ethical tourism, demonstrating how dark tourism can transform sites of tragedy into platforms for reflection, education, and community empowerment while maintaining the dignity and authenticity of the affected areas.