Chapter 9: Tabletalk: Navigating and Negotiating in Small-Group Learning

This chapter joins a long history of research and working theory on small-group dynamics (e.g., Cartwright & Zander, 1953; Deutsch, 1949; Homans, 1950), and more recent work on small learning groups in classrooms in particular (e.g., Bennett & Dunne, 1992; Cohen, 1986; Johnson & Johnson, 2009; McCaslin & Good, 1996b; Slavin, 1990). The empirical programmatic work of Noreen Webb (1982a, 1982b, 1983, 1985, 1991; Webb & Palincsar, 1996) exemplifies the increased sophistication with which small-group dynamics have been studied within the helping behavior metaphor. Webb (2008), noting progress in understanding how small groups can promote achievement, describes four topic areas needing attention. Our work informs three of these areas: group composition dynamics; processes that support positive task and interpersonal affect that also relate to achievement; and the tensions and potential balance between individual learning and group productivity.