3: Trait and Style Theories

The trait theory of leadership is many learners’ introduction to more “formal” or structured knowledge of leadership theory. Style theory (also known as behavioral theory) focuses on the enactments and behaviors of production and effectiveness of a leader. In this chapter, these two theories are explored. Trait theory focuses on a leader’s default, innate, and inherent characteristics, attributes, and qualities. Style approach focuses more on a leader’s behaviors. Together, these theories paint a picture of both the leader and their engagement in the leadership process. This chapter explores the history and context around the theories, defines each theory, and concludes with strengths and opportunities of both theories.