Chapter 3: Energy Equity in the Transition to Low-carbon Energy Sources: A Focus on Natural Gas and Sustainable Development in Nigeria

This chapter examines the role of natural gas in the global energy transition, particularly within the context of energy equity in fossil fuel-dependent economies. It discusses the challenges of achieving carbon neutrality and highlights the social tensions and energy inequalities exacerbated in the Global South. Drawing on Nigeria as a focal case, we explore the interplay between low-emissions technologies and the just transition framework. Using field data and existing literature, we argue that natural gas offers the flexibility and resilience necessary to balance energy poverty reduction and climate goals. Central to our contribution is the concept of energy equity as a pathway to sustainable development. We conclude with implications for policy and practice and propose strategies for addressing similar challenges across other Global South nations.