Chapter 16: Response of International Higher Education to AI Challenge: Educational Policies and Precautions

This chapter explores the evolving landscape of artificial intelligence (AI) policies and practices in international higher education, focusing on comparative cases from China, Russia, and Brazil. Using document analysis and expert interviews, the authors examine how universities and national governments are responding to the opportunities and challenges posed by AI, particularly in relation to educational leadership, ethics, academic integrity, and student mobility. The chapter identifies key trends, including the development of national AI strategies, variations in institutional implementation, and common concerns around data privacy, digital equity, and policy clarity. Through a multi-country analysis, the chapter emphasizes the need for responsive, ethical, and student-centered AI policy frameworks that align with broader goals of internationalization and educational innovation.