Chapter 2: The “Reduced Inequalities” Sustainable Development Goal in OIC: Inequality of Income Distribution, Measures of Subjective Well-being Using Ordinal Data

The 10th Sustainable Development Goal (SDG), established by the United Nations General Assembly in 2015, aims to reduce inequalities globally by 2030. Significant efforts are being made to address economic disparity and the uneven distribution of income internationally. Nevertheless, recent reports indicate that further substantial action is required in developing regions to ensure the successful achievement of the SDGs. In recent decades, the rate of advancement in developing nations has proven inadequate. This slow progress is insufficient to reach the goals by the year 2030. It is essential to accelerate this progress, especially in the member states of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC). Access to timely, reliable, and readily available data is also critical for monitoring the progress of SDG implementation. The challenges faced by statistical systems in developing countries hinder effective tracking of SDGs progress. The limitations in statistical capabilities and the absence of trustworthy data in OIC nations complicate this task even further.