Chapter 6: Artificial General Intelligence (AGI), Blockchain and Circular Manufacturing

This chapter explores the integration of artificial general intelligence (AGI) and blockchain in circular manufacturing within Industry 5.0, emphasising sustainability and efficiency. AGI optimises resource use and waste reduction through advanced reasoning to improve data from internet of things (IoT) sensors and blockchain-based digital product passports. Blockchain ensures transparent, immutable tracking of material life cycles with smart contracts and tokenised models, enhancing automation and stakeholder trust. Despite challenges like cybersecurity, regulatory gaps and algorithmic bias, innovations such as zero-knowledge proofs and proof-of-stake consensus address these issues. The collaboration of AGI and blockchain drives human-centric systems, circular economy goals and sustainable manufacturing practices.