6: A Reference Model

To devise a reference model for training future clinical leaders, it is necessary to remember that leadership does not necessarily mean management. To transform a manager into a leader requires the ability to create a shared vision of the future of the organisation and to inspire physicians to change, while assuring them that they will discern why the innovation is needed (Cochran et al., 2014). Previous studies have extensively investigated leadership in theory, different leadership styles for different situations and why the ‘good leader’ has to know how to adapt to various scenarios (Xu, 2017). Very little, however, has been produced about leadership practice.