Chapter 1: Exclusion

To gain a better understanding of exclusion, it is important to firstly understand diversity in all the different contexts and situations because the fact that someone is different, is the basis for exclusion. According to April (2021a), diversity is seen as all the ways in which people differ and recognising and embracing the existence of many visible differences (e.g., genders and the gender-fluid; races and ethnicities; nationalities; variously abled people/people with diverse abilities; different age groups; skill levels; sexual orientations; and languages and religions), and invisible dimensions (e.g., spiritual orientations; thinking styles; psychometric profiles; experiences and different tenures; leadership styles; philosophical views – conservative vs. liberal; socio-economic class; educational backgrounds and different educational disciplines; learning agilities; value systems; personal purposes; different upbringings; various heritages, beliefs, and perspectives; and individual differences).