Chapter 2: Sustainability policy foundation

Chapter 2 examines the evolution of sustainability policy in the built environment, focusing on legislative, strategic, and market-led responses. It explores the UK's Climate Change Act, planning frameworks, and building regulations, alongside international agreements and directives. The chapter highlights the role of secondary legislation, financial incentives, and voluntary standards in driving sustainable development. It also reviews corporate initiatives such as climate-related financial disclosures and sustainability reporting. Comparative analysis of global sustainability assessment methods, including BREEAM, LEED, and CASBEE, underscores the importance of benchmarking and neighbourhood-scale tools in shaping resilient, low-carbon urban environments.