... is managed, how observed subjects are protected and harm to all involved minimised in all situations. Ethical surveillance covert research participant observation security research dual use research ethics review Introduction A series of major significant events and catastrophes...

...Abstract ‘Dual use research’ is research with results that can potentially cause harm as well as benefits. Harm can be to people, animals or the environment. For most research, harms can be difficult to predict and quantify...

... dual use ethics review Horizon Europe culture of ethics Introduction Current ethics governance approaches addressing safety and security tend to focus on a legal compliance approach. A practical example for such an approach, discussed later in this chapter, is the European Commission’s (EC) Ethics...