... for gender-sensitive reforms in Japan’s legal system, including improved access to legal representation and increased awareness among legal professionals regarding the specific challenges faced by female litigants. Access to justice gender judiciary civil disputes user survey civil litigation empirical...

... of wrongful conviction illustrate these tendencies, and data about judges’ careers suggest that the judiciary uses personnel evaluations to control judges by selectively punishing and rewarding them for how they handle cases. Because judges have the last word in Japanese criminal justice, they have...

...For its part, the Judicial Council of Central America and the Caribbean has created the Specialized Working Group on the SDGs. Its main objective is to promote the implementation of the SDGs in the judiciary. ¹⁶ The Council has issued several statements and reports to promote...

... and Penality In sum, the Italian judiciary is highly independent, though integrated within the national bureaucracy, heterogeneous and politicised, capable of adopting numerous stances on criminal justice matters and vis-à-vis the political class. What do our institutional analyses now suggest about...