... the distribution center and the customer or market (downstream flexibility). To summarize, the major characteristics of a flexible supply chain as identified from the above literature review is as given in Table I . Value chain Outsourcing Agile production Modelling The primary objective...

... to introduce new products to the market. A lean company may be thought of as a very productive and cost‐efficient producer of goods or services. An agile company is primarily characterised as a very fast and efficient learning organisation . Agile production Information technology Manufacturing...

... mapping, and the boundaries between various design instances. Systematic steps are suggested as following to identify building blocks in design. Agile production Design Mass customization Product development Simultaneous engineering Concurrent engineering (CE) has been considered as one...