... non-farm employment and participation in HVA is theoretically ambiguous. Using Nepal's HVA development as a case, this study examines the relationship between non-farm employment and HVA participation among rural households, focusing on both the direct effects and the underlying mechanisms...

... crop type, three factors contribute to a negative relationship between farm size and pesticide use: the spillover effect from the use of pesticides by other farmers in the same village, the level of mechanization and the management ability of farmers. The first two factors play important roles...