... the common denominator within East Asia. Thus, from a theoretical perspective, many believe that the values propagated by Confucian teachings equipped these societies with a modus operandi to excel in industrialization (Berger, 1988). Values such as future orientation, hard work, fervour for education...

... is the corresponding author and can be contacted at: JWkeller@ntu.edu.sg Theory development Paradox East Asia Indigenous knowledge Going forward, however, may require a more expansive approach to examining eastern philosophy and culture. One necessary step is further inquiry into the interplay between...