This study is critical of implausible stock return effects. Among these are studies linking stock returns to extreme climate variables, outer space, politics, religious observances, sports results, weather conditions and other peculiar phenomena. The author argues that these effects are just predetermined outcomes of endogenous treatment assignments, not true causal effects. To demonstrate, The author “discovers” a new implausible effect called the big league effect. Win-loss records of NY’s two professional baseball teams predict excess returns on well-known anomaly strategies. New critical values are calculated by Monte Carlo simulation where the treatment assignment follows a Bernoulli distribution with endogenous success probability. These new critical values expose the big league effect as just an artifact of the sample selection mechanism.
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Research Article|
May 26 2026
The big league effect Available to Purchase
Geoffrey Peter Smith
WP Carey School of Business,
Arizona State University
, Tempe, Arizona, USA
Corresponding author Geoffrey Peter Smith gps@asu.edu
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Corresponding author Geoffrey Peter Smith gps@asu.edu
Received:
November 28 2022
Revision Received:
December 31 2023
Accepted:
April 17 2024
Online ISSN: 2164-5760
Print ISSN: 2164-5744
© 2026 Emerald Publishing Limited
2026
Emerald Publishing Limited
Licensed re-use rights only
Critical Finance Review 1–20.
Article history
Received:
November 28 2022
Revision Received:
December 31 2023
Accepted:
April 17 2024
Citation
Smith GP (2026;), "The big league effect". Critical Finance Review, Vol. ahead-of-print No. ahead-of-print. https://doi.org/10.1108/CFR-11-2022-2480
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