Figure 1 Correlation matrix heatmap (2015–2025). Source: Authors' own elaboration A heat map showing correlation values between different indices and variables. A heat map representing correlation values between different indices and variables from 2015 to 2025. The heat map is structured as a... More about this image found in Correlation matrix heatmap (2015–2025). Source: Authors' own elaboration ...

Figure 2 Dynamic total connectedness. Note: The figure plots the TCI and its bias-corrected counterpart (cTCI). Source: Authors' own elaboration A line graph showing dynamic total connectedness over time. The line graph displays dynamic total connectedness over time, with the x axis representi... More about this image found in Dynamic total connectedness. Note: The figure plots the TCI and its bias-co...

Figure 3 Total connectedness during the pre-COVID period (2015–2019). Note: The figure plots the TCI and cTCI. Source: Authors' own elaboration A line graph showing total connectedness during the pre-COVID period from 2015 to 2019. A line graph showing total connectedness during the pre-COVID ... More about this image found in Total connectedness during the pre-COVID period (2015–2019). Note: The figu...

Figure 4 Total connectedness during the COVID-19 crisis (2020–2021). Note: The figure plots the TCI and cTCI. Source: Authors' own elaboration A line graph showing the total connectedness during the COVID-19 crisis from 2020 to 2021. A line graph showing the total connectedness during the COVI... More about this image found in Total connectedness during the COVID-19 crisis (2020–2021). Note: The figur...

Figure 5 Total connectedness in the post-pandemic cyber era (2022–2025). Note: The figure plots the TCI and cTCI. Source: Authors' own elaboration A line graph depicting total connectedness in the post-pandemic cyber era from two thousand twenty-two to two thousand twenty-five. A line graph de... More about this image found in Total connectedness in the post-pandemic cyber era (2022–2025). Note: The f...

Figure 6 Rolling VAR–based Granger causality: intensity (left) and significance ratio (right) during 2015–2025 period. Source: Authors' own elaboration A heat map showing data comparison across two dimensions with color intensity indicating values. A heat map representing the intensity and sig... More about this image found in Rolling VAR–based Granger causality: intensity (left) and significance rati...

Figure 1 The analytical framework of financial development and sustainable green growth. Source: Authors' own work Prepared Using the Evaluation of Svirydzenka (2016) , Pradhan et al. (2021) , and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) A diagram illustrating the analytical framework of financial development and sustainable green growth. A flowchart illustrating the analytical framework of financial development and sustainable green growth. The diagram starts with the dual-sector financial development transition, which branches into financial institutions and financial markets. Financial institutions are further divided into financial access, financial depth, and financial efficiency. Financial markets are divided into market access, market depth, and market efficiency. The left side of the diagram shows the digital economy policy, which leads to access to efficient and affordable credits, organized production activities in rural areas, more output, employment, and income per capita, and improvement in environmental standards of living. The right side of the diagram shows integrated global innovation, which leads to access to efficient higher earnings. More about this image found in The analytical framework of financial development and sustainable green gro...

Figure 2 Conceptual framework study models. Source: Authors’ own work A diagram of a conceptual framework study model. The diagram illustrates a conceptual framework study model focusing on sustainable green growth. It includes various components such as financial markets resilience and develo... More about this image found in Conceptual framework study models. Source: Authors’ own work A diagram o...

Figure 3 Logical flow chart of the methodology. Source: Authors’ own work Flowchart of research methodology. The flowchart begins with the study flow chart. It then proceeds to positivism quantitative research philosophy. The next step involves data collection strategy using secondary data fro... More about this image found in Logical flow chart of the methodology. Source: Authors’ own work Flowcha...

Figure 4 Comparison of transition financial development, integrated global innovation (IGI), and its interaction term and sustainable green growth trend. Source: Authors’ own work A line graph comparing transition financial development, integrated global innovation, and sustainable green growth... More about this image found in Comparison of transition financial development, integrated global innovatio...

Figure 5 Comparison of integrated global innovation (IGI) and sustainable green growth trend. Source: Authors’ own work A line graph comparing integrated global innovation and sustainable green growth trends over time. A line graph comparing integrated global innovation and sustainable green g... More about this image found in Comparison of integrated global innovation (IGI) and sustainable green grow...

Figure 6 Sustainable green growth trends in GSRI countries. Source: Authors’ own work A heat map showing sustainable green growth scores for various countries over the years 2007 to 2022. A heat map titled Sustainable Green Growth Heat Map of Belt and Road Countries. The heat map compares sust... More about this image found in Sustainable green growth trends in GSRI countries. Source: Authors’ own wor...

Figure 7 Dual-sector financial development trends in GSRI countries. Source: Authors’ own work A heat map of dual sector financial development levels in GSRI countries from 2007 to 2022. The heat map displays dual sector financial development levels across various GSRI countries from 2007 to 2... More about this image found in Dual-sector financial development trends in GSRI countries. Source: Authors...

Figure 8 Integrated global innovation trends in GSRI countries. Source: Authors’ own work A heat map showing Integrated Global Innovation scores for various countries along the Belt and Road from 2007 to 2022. A heat map represents the Integrated Global Innovation scores for various countries ... More about this image found in Integrated global innovation trends in GSRI countries. Source: Authors’ own...

Figure 9 Income level heatmap analysis of countries. Source: Authors’ own work Multiple heatmaps showing sustainable green growth and financial development scores by income group. The image contains six heatmaps. The first three heatmaps depict sustainable green growth scores for high income g... More about this image found in Income level heatmap analysis of countries. Source: Authors’ own work Mu...

Figure 9 Income level heatmap analysis of countries. Source: Authors’ own work Multiple heatmaps showing sustainable green growth and financial development scores by income group. The image contains six heatmaps. The first three heatmaps depict sustainable green growth scores for high income g... More about this image found in Income level heatmap analysis of countries. Source: Authors’ own work Mu...