This study aims to examine the potential role of intellectual capital dimensions on artificial intelligence (AI) adoption maturity in the Jordanian pharmaceutical industry. It also explores the contribution of this maturity to the formation of ethical AI governance and open green innovation (OGI).
Data were collected from 16 pharmaceutical manufacturing companies. The Smart PLS program was used to analyze 257 responses from managers and AI specialists.
The results revealed that intellectual capital, encompassing human, structural and social components, has a significant impact on AI adoption maturity. The results also indicated that AI adoption maturity significantly impacts ethical AI governance and OGI. Furthermore, it was found that ethical AI governance partially mediates the role of AI adoption maturity in OGI.
To the best of the author’s knowledge, the current empirical study represents the first attempt to outline the consistent framework of intellectual capital, maturity of AI adoption, AI-ethical governance and open-green innovation in a new and integrated environment. What makes it novel and unique is that it does not just examine the individual effects of these variables but it analyzes their dynamic interaction and how they can jointly contribute to institutional maturity in adopting AI and how they can contribute to sustainable and ethical results at the organizational level. In addition, it opens new sources of studying the ways in which organizations can take AI-based opportunities to develop ethical and sustainable innovation, which is an area with little empirical research. The study, therefore, presents a new scientific input, as well as practical solutions that can be used to promote sustainable and ethical innovation in the modern business environment.
