... and fiduciary duties. This study’s results indicate that board observers providing resources and monitoring efforts receive more favourable stock market responses. Multivariate regressions and entropy balancing confirm this study’s findings. Practical implications This study has implications for board...

...Ramzi Benkraiem; Amal Hamrouni; Faten Lakhal; Nadia Toumi Purpose This paper aims to investigate the joint effect of board independence and gender diversity on the effectiveness of boards in monitoring CEO compensation in a continental European context, i.e. France. Design/methodology/approach...

...Ana Paula Matias Gama; Cecília Rodrigues Purpose Combining ownership and management might lead concentrated shareholders, such as families, to wealth expropriation. The lack of external monitors and disciplinary agents potentially permits them to pursue this path. Thus, monitoring activity...