... and reliability of questions may be improved through questionnaire design and clear layout. Due to the nature of the research, which was both descriptive and explanatory, questionnaires were used to get the data for the research. Smart procurements Public procurements Public procurement SEM PPP Critical...

... control to facilitate joint innovation. Public clients must comply with the Public Procurement Act and, therefore, retain the requirements specified in the tendering documents. Much of the steering of the execution is connected to the ex ante phase (before signing the contract), which affects innovation...

... propositions with the least financial effect [ Lam and Yang, 2020 ; The World Bank Institute (WBI), 2012 ]. Public procurement PPP Value for money factors Smart cities According to a United Nations report, by 2050, 68% of the world's population will live in cities and city dwellers...

...-disturbance performance. The EU Public Procurement Directives do not set out an exhaustive list of the sub-criteria which may be chosen, thus the contracting authority can chose other ones besides (or instead) price, quality, delivery date, product life, aesthetic, after sales service, etc. Thereby, the KPIs...