... of this criterion is that it requires the “exact” sample value at f_m. To reduce the EM simulation cost, we also examined the AFS-SB scheme in which the adaptive sampling process is controlled by the error surrogates. For this purpose, two auxiliary rational fitting models have been constructed...

... the proposed adaptive sampling technique, and the derivative and integral of the channel base current with respect to time can be analytically expressed. With the help of these approximations, the ideal electromagnetic field of the lightning channel can be evaluated along the lightning channel with respect...