.... Design/methodology/approach A novel hybrid PLL method is proposed, combining particle swarm optimization (PSO) and gradient descent (GD) algorithms. The adaptive model continuously tunes PLL parameters, enabling real-time responsiveness to grid fluctuations, including voltage sags, phase shifts...

... Emerald Publishing Limited Licensed re-use rights only Neural networks Optimization Gradient descent Differential evolution The use of machine learning (ML) techniques applied to predict power production from renewable sources or electric load is becoming more and more widespread...