...Edward Tamayo; Juan Carlos Diaz-Vasquez; Daniel Giraldo-Mayo Purpose This study aims to provide a critical lens and a body of empirical observations to reexamine the assumptions and explanatory boundaries of internalization theory in the age of surveillance capitalism. Design/methodology...

...Elitsa R. Banalieva; Alexandra Roth Purpose The purpose of this paper is to understand how institutional factors (countries’ digital readiness) and their interplay with behavioral factors (family firm governance) modify internalization theory’s predictions about multinational enterprises (MNEs...

...) research field. Design/methodology/approach A common theme in mainstream IB theories is that multinational enterprises (MNEs) are superior in terms of cost efficiency and innovativeness compared with other types of organizations. A closer look at transaction cost economics (TCE)/internalization theory...