... Spain and four geographical areas for collaborating and non-collaborating firms. Findings The main contribution of this paper is suggesting that vertical networks reduce the negative effects of institutional distance faced by the company in the early stages of its export process. Practical...

... is the differentiator of the CSC collaboration. Research limitations/implications The main limitations are referred to as the static character of the data. Practical implications The paper contains implications for cluster facilitators, as well as for cluster policy decision makers, to better design support...

... with dealing with significant challenges faced by the Irish pharmaceutical industry. Broader societal discourses operated as a resource for actors to use in proposing collaboration and innovation as the appropriate response to such challenges. Specifically, through narrative and discourse, actors created...