... maximum circuit optimization using IWO hybridized with particle swarm optimization (PSO). Design/methodology/approach This paper projects the complexities of global routing process of VLSI circuit design in mapping it with a well-known NP-complete problem, the minimum rectilinear Steiner tree (MRST...

..., in practice, it often needs to be varied to make proper adjustments of these variables. The introduction of new variables is described as follows (Xiong et al., 2016): Applications Circuit implementation Chaotic secure communication circuit Circuit optimization Fourth-order chaotic circuit...