... using the classical Ziegler–Nichols ( ZN ) method for improving dynamic performance. To further enhance its control accuracy and robustness, a metaheuristic optimization technique – particle swarm optimization ( PSO ) is used to optimally tune the PI gains. Findings The proposed LMF–PI–PSO control...

... Transfer characteristics of hot-wire probe Figure 2 Plot of FSE% vs flow-velocity for CTA Circuit implementation Circuit simulation Linearisation Sensor Transducer CTA Evolutionary optimisation RGA PSO DE CMAES Honeywell-AWM 5000 series microbridge mass air-flow...

... maximum circuit optimization using IWO hybridized with particle swarm optimization (PSO). Design/methodology/approach This paper projects the complexities of global routing process of VLSI circuit design in mapping it with a well-known NP-complete problem, the minimum rectilinear Steiner tree (MRST...