... of alcohol use (controlled drinking (CD)) and also want harm reduction related to heroin (injection of medically prescribed diamorphine instead of street heroin), as well as related to tobacco (a transition to e-cigarettes). A central requirement for OTAT is an open-minded attitude. OTAT therapists...

....” These recommendations were developed by a group of researchers and clinicians from the three largest German Addiction Societies (Bischof et al., 2019). Review Pharmacotherapy Harm reduction Controlled drinking Treatment gap Alcohol dependence There is evidence that a permanent substantial...

...-up, the majority remained abstinent. For many, attending AA meetings was still important – some described attending as a routine, whereas others stressed that the meetings were crucial for remaining abstinent. For those who reported controlled drinking (CD), this was described either as a natural...