..., ρ<0.000, η HCV + 2 = 0.609 , η HBV + 2 = 0.616 , and η HCV + 2 = 0.612 , λ_Wilks’=0.056. The infection rate among IDUs was significant and the most important risk factor for these infections has been intravenous drug use...

.... Blessing Ngonidzashe Marandure can be contacted at: blessing.marandure@dmu.ac.uk 27 01 2016 11 05 2016 29 08 2016 13 10 2016 © Emerald Publishing Limited 2017 Emerald Publishing Limited Licensed re-use rights only Risk factors Cannabis Substance use Adolescents...

... as risk factors, while the number of close friends was identified as a protective factor for past year alcohol use (yes/no). No straightforward relationship was found between schools and the risk for the past year alcohol use. In addition, age, F2, F8 and recent death of a close relative...

..., interpersonally and physically, and is a risk factor towards negative parenting practices. The use of substances in itself is not an indication of neglectful or harmful parenting, as many parents who use substances have adequate parenting skills, however, it is more frequently associated as a risk rather than...