Recurrent droughts and water scarcity are characteristic of Morocco's climate and agro-ecosystems. These conditions have long challenged the country's farmers and agricultural sector. Yet Morocco's diverse biocultural landscapes are a testament to rural communities' ingenious adaptation to these challenges, including long-held agricultural traditions such as the integration of trees, crops and livestock in resilient smallholder production systems.
However, biocultural agro-ecosystems in Morocco are currently under great stress. Climate change already hampers the country's economic and social development; declining rainfall and rising temperatures exert increasing pressure on its agricultural systems (World Bank Group, 2021). This pressure coincides with a...
