... Emerald Group Publishing Limited 2009 Communication processes Information management Earthquakes Risk management Civic communications designed to encourage preventive action vary in their effectiveness. A key aspect of these communications that affects responses is the framing...

... framework for the development of risk communication strategies based on community engagement principles. Originality/value This is the first time this multi‐level model has been applied to natural hazards and contributes to understanding the contingent nature of the risk communication process...

... suggested across multiple dissemination efforts, with different emphasizes at different times. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited 2005 Volcanoes Disasters Human nature Communication processes Emergency services With the 2004 resumption of eruptive activity at Mt St. Helens Volcano...