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Keywords: Preman
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Journal Articles
Disaster Prevention and Management: An International Journal (2015) 24 (4): 523–538.
Published: 03 August 2015
... oplosan parties are organised to test courage, power, loyalty and invincibility. Gangs often demand members to take part in oplosan parties to show courage and loyalty to the gang, and sometimes gang members (preman) and leaders (jago) compete with each other over territory, or to display power...

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