...^○\kern2pt: (see equation 40) © MCB UP Limited 2001 Meshless method Shear degradation Deformation Bending behaviour Engineering computations have made a startling progress over the past three decades. One of the most successful methods among them is the finite element method. However...

..., P₅, P₆ (Figure 2). The equilibrium of the workpiece is expressed in a weak form using the principle of virtual work (PVW): © MCB UP Limited 1998 Bending behaviour Elastoplasticity Metal forming Shells The production of high quality products in a short period of time...

... behaviour Dynamic Error estimator Finite element method Metal forming Since most of sheet metal forming process is done with a low tool velocity, it can be considered as a quasi‐static process. Explicit dynamic FEM[ 1 ] has many advantages in treating severe nonlinearities such as nonlinear...