... and bridge systems, are used as benchmark cases. All three optimization algorithms achieved significant reductions in structural displacement across the examined truss configurations. Findings The results reveal distinct performance trade-offs: DFO provides rapid and consistent solutions with minimal...

...Adnan Ibrahimbegovic; Ivica Kožar; Pavao Marović; Ivica Kožar Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate internal forces in bridges induced by moving vehicles and compare them to earthquake loading. Design/methodology/approach Dynamic analysis of bridges is performed for moving...