... includes various types of derivatives, the Riemann–Liouville (RL) and Caputo operators are among the most significant, particularly for applications in biological modeling. However, their theoretical foundations and practical implications continue to be areas of active investigation (Losada and Nieto, 2015...

... with the Caputo operator. Findings We develop exact and efficient solutions by merging these unique methodologies. Our results, presented through illustrative figures and data, demonstrate the efficacy and versatility of the Aboodh methods in tackling such complex mathematical models. Originality/value...