... and N is the number of particles. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited 2004 Numerical analysis Experimentation Discrete manufacturing Finite element analysis Modelling Simulation In this paper, a 3D DEM code TRUBAL (Thornton, 1996 ; Thornton and Antony, 2000 ; Thornton and Sun...

... and the data analysis methods, see Cleary (1998c) . © Emerald Group Publishing Limited 2004 Discrete manufacturing Modelling Discrete element method (DEM) has been used over the past 25 years for modelling many applications, starting with small systems in simple geometries in two...

.... © Emerald Group Publishing Limited 2004 Discrete manufacturing Numerical analysis Modelling The discrete element method (DEM) algorithm is essentially a numerical technique for modeling the motion of colliding objects. The basic ingredients are Newton's equations of translational...

... understand the behaviour of thin tunnel liners. Discrete manufacturing Numerical analysis Modelling © Emerald Group Publishing Limited 2004 Figure 2 shows a PFC^2D model consisting of 402 particles for a tensile test of simulated liner material. The average particle...

... simulate all aspects of the system. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited 2004 Discrete manufacturing Experimentation Simulation Semi‐autogenous and autogenous milling have become an integral component of modern mining operations. These processes allow large volumes of raw rock feed...